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Revision Sheet 1
LOGICALREASONING

Revision Sheet 1

Quick revision of essential logical reasoning concepts, patterns, shortcuts, and problem-solving techniques for placement exams.

Must become instant.

LetterPosition
A1
B2
C3
D4
E5
F6
G7
H8
I9
J10
K11
L12
M13
N14
O15
P16
Q17
R18
S19
T20
U21
V22
W23
X24
Y25
Z26

Important Anchor Letters

Memorize:

A = 1
E = 5
J = 10
M = 13
N = 14
R = 18
T = 20
Z = 26

Most questions can be solved using these anchors.


OPPOSITE LETTERS

Very frequently asked.

A ↔ Z
B ↔ Y
C ↔ X
D ↔ W
E ↔ V
F ↔ U
G ↔ T
H ↔ S
I ↔ R
J ↔ Q
K ↔ P
L ↔ O
M ↔ N

Shortcut

Position Sum = 27

Examples:

A + Z = 27
F + U = 27
M + N = 27

LETTER JUMP VALUES

A → B = +1
A → C = +2
A → D = +3
A → E = +4

2. LETTER SERIES

Pattern 1: Constant Gap

A C E G I ?

Gap:

+2

Answer:

K

Pattern 2: Increasing Gap

A C F J O ?

Gaps:

+2
+3
+4
+5

Next:

+6

Answer:

U

Pattern 3: Reverse

Z X V T ?

Gap:

-2

Answer:

R

Pattern 4: Alternate

A D C F E H G ?

Split into alternate terms:

1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th:
A C E G

2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th:
D F H ?

Pattern:

+2

Therefore:

H → J

Answer:

J

LETTER SERIES APPROACH

Always check:

+1
+2
+3

-1
-2
-3

Alternate Terms

Opposite Letters

Position Pattern

3. NUMBER SERIES

Most important topic.

Pattern 1: Constant Difference

2 5 8 11 14 ?

Difference:

+3

Answer:

17

Pattern 2: Increasing Difference

2 5 9 14 20 ?

Differences:

3
4
5
6

Next:

7

Answer:

27

Pattern 3: Multiplication

3 6 12 24 48 ?

Rule:

×2

Answer:

96

Pattern 4: Multiplication + Addition

2 5 11 23 47 ?

Rule:

×2 +1

Answer:

95

Pattern 5: Squares

Memorize:

1² = 1
2² = 4
3² = 9
4² = 16
5² = 25
6² = 36
7² = 49
8² = 64
9² = 81
10² = 100
11² = 121
12² = 144
13² = 169
14² = 196
15² = 225
20² = 400
25² = 625
30² = 900

Pattern 6: Cubes

Memorize:

1³ = 1
2³ = 8
3³ = 27
4³ = 64
5³ = 125
6³ = 216
7³ = 343
8³ = 512
9³ = 729
10³ = 1000

Pattern 7: Prime Series

Memorize:

2
3
5
7
11
13
17
19
23
29
31
37
41
43
47

Remember:

2 is the only even prime number.

Pattern 8: Fibonacci

0
1
1
2
3
5
8
13
21
34
55

Rule:

Each term = Sum of the previous two terms.

Pattern 9: Alternate Pattern

2 8 4 16 8 32 ?

Split:

2 4 8

8 16 32

Answer:

16

NUMBER SERIES CHECKLIST

Whenever stuck, check in this order:

1. Difference

2. Second Difference

3. Ratio

4. Mixed Operations
   (×, ÷, +, − combinations)

5. Squares

6. Cubes

7. Prime Numbers

8. Fibonacci Pattern

9. Alternate Terms

10. Position Pattern

Follow this order every time.


4. CODING DECODING

Type 1: Letter Shift

CAT → DBU

Rule:

+1

Explanation:

C → D
A → B
T → U

Type 2: Reverse Shift

DOG → CNF

Rule:

-1

Explanation:

D → C
O → N
G → F

Type 3: Opposite Coding

A → Z
B → Y
C → X

Example:

CAT

C → X
A → Z
T → G

Answer:

XZG

Type 4: Position Sum Coding

Example:

CAT

Positions:

C = 3
A = 1
T = 20

Sum:

3 + 1 + 20 = 24

Answer:

24

Type 5: Word Reversal

APPLE

ELPPA

Very common.


Coding Shortcut

Always check:

Letter Shift

Number Shift

Reverse Alphabet

Position Values

Word Reversal

Odd-Even Pattern

5. ANALOGY

Question:

Doctor : Hospital

Find the same relation.


Common Relations

Person → Workplace

Doctor : Hospital

Teacher : School

Country → Capital

India : New Delhi

Japan : Tokyo

Part → Whole

Wheel : Car

Page : Book

Tool → User

Pen : Writer

Brush : Painter

Cause → Effect

Rain : Flood

Fire : Smoke

Analogy Rule

Ask:

What relation exists between the first pair?

Apply the same relation to find the answer.


6. ODD MAN OUT

Check Prime Numbers

2
3
5
7
9

Answer:

9

Check Squares

4
9
16
25
27

Answer:

27

Check Cubes

8
27
64
125
100

Answer:

100

Check Alphabet Position

A
C
E
G
J

Positions:

A = 1
C = 3
E = 5
G = 7
J = 10

The first four follow odd positions (+2).

Answer:

J

Check Category

Tiger
Lion
Leopard
Cow

Answer:

Cow

7. LOGICAL SEQUENCE OF WORDS

Arrange in natural order.

Human Life

Infant
Child
Teenager
Adult
Old Age

Education

School
College
Employment
Promotion
Retirement

Plant Growth

Seed
Sprout
Plant
Tree
Fruit

Business Process

Idea
Investment
Production
Sales
Profit

FINAL 5-MINUTE REVISION BOX

A = 1 to Z = 26

Opposite Letter Positions Sum = 27

Anchor Letters:
A=1, E=5, J=10, M=13,
N=14, R=18, T=20, Z=26

Squares: 1² to 30²

Cubes: 1³ to 10³

Prime Numbers up to 50
(2 is the only even prime)

Fibonacci Sequence

Series Detection Order:
Difference
→ Second Difference
→ Ratio
→ Mixed Operations
→ Squares
→ Cubes
→ Primes
→ Fibonacci
→ Alternate Terms
→ Position Pattern

Coding-Decoding Checks:
Letter Shift
Number Shift
Reverse Alphabet
Position Values
Word Reversal
Odd-Even Pattern

Analogy Relations:
Person–Workplace
Country–Capital
Part–Whole
Tool–User
Cause–Effect

Odd-One-Out Checks:
Prime
Square
Cube
Alphabet Position
Category
Pattern Break

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